QUESTÕES DE VESTIBULAR - 3 ANO

 

Escolha a alternativa correta e justifique sua reposta.

1. (Unicamp 2019)  ‘Yes, I’m Italian – but I’m not loud, I don’t gesticulate and I’m not good with pizza’

Elena Ferrante

 

I love my country, but I have no patriotic spirit and no national pride. What’s more, I digest pizza poorly, I eat very little spaghetti, I don’t speak in a loud voice, I don’t gesticulate, I hate all mafias, I don’t exclaim “Mamma mia!” National characteristics are simplifications that should be contested. Being Italian, for me, begins and ends with the fact that I speak and write in the Italian language.

Put that way it doesn’t seem like much, but really it’s a lot. A language is a compendium of the history, geography, material and spiritual life, the vices and virtues, not only of those who speak it, but also of those who have spoken it through the centuries. When I say that I’m Italian because I write in Italian, I mean that I’m fully Italian in the only way that I’m willing to attribute to myself a nationality. I don’t like the other ways, especially when they become nationalism, chauvinism, and imperialism.

 

(Adaptado de Elena Ferrante, ‘Yes, I´m Italian – but I´m not loud, I don´t gesticulate and I´m not good with pizza’, The Guardian, 24/02/2018.) 28

 

 

Transcrevem-se, a seguir, versos de canções brasileiras e de um poema de Vinícius de Moraes. Assinale a alternativa que melhor exemplifica as afirmações de Elena Ferrante. 

a) “Eu me sinto um estrangeiro.” (Engenheiros do Hawaii, “A revolta dos dândis”.)    

b) “Pátria Amada, é pra você esta canção/Desesperada, canção de desilusão.” (Inocentes, “Pátria amada”.)    

c) “Minha pátria é minha língua.” (Caetano Veloso, “Língua”.)    

d) “Se me perguntarem o que é a minha pátria, direi:/ Não sei. De fato, não sei (...).” (Vinícius de Moraes, “Pátria minha”.)    

Justificativa:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. (Unicamp 2019)  Genetic Fortune-Telling  

 

 

 

One day, babies will get DNA report cards at birth. These reports will offer predictions about their chances of suffering a heart attack or cancer, of getting hooked on tobacco, and of being smarter than average.

Though the new DNA tests offer probabilities, not diagnoses, they could greatly benefit medicine. For example, if women at high risk for breast cancer got more mammograms and those at low risk got fewer, those exams might catch more real cancers and set off fewer false alarms. The trouble is, the predictions are far from perfect. What if someone with a low risk score for cancer puts off being screened, and then develops cancer anyway? Polygenic scores are also controversial because they can predict any trait, not only diseases. For instance, they can now forecast about 10 percent of a person’s performance on IQ tests. But how will parents and educators use that information?

 

(Adaptado de Derek Brahney, Genetic Fortune-Telling. MIT Technology Review, Março/Abril 2018)

 

 

De acordo com o texto, um dos riscos do prognóstico genético dos indivíduos desde o nascimento seria o de 

a) empresas usarem as informações para não contratar pessoas que teriam predisposição a certas doenças ou vícios.    

b) algumas mulheres descuidarem da prevenção de problemas de saúde para os quais pareciam não estar predispostas.    

c) governos usarem as informações genéticas para negar a certos cidadãos o acesso a serviços de saúde pública.    

 d) pais e educadores passarem a desconsiderar dados sobre o coeficiente de inteligência de seus filhos ou alunos.    

 Justificativa:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

3. (Unicamp 2019)  Indigenous people in Brazil seek out cities, end up in slums

 

RIO DE JANEIRO – The dancers shake seed-filled maracas and raise their voices in song, conjuring an ancient spirit that vibrates above the traffic roaring from a nearby expressway and the beat of funk music blasting from a neighbor's loudspeaker.

In this Brazilian favela, the indigenous people are struggling to keep some of their traditions alive that, besides providing a sense of community, helps them endure the discrimination they face in the city. Forced out of their native lands by deforestation, miners and farmers, nearly one in four Brazilian Indians nowadays live in urban areas and an estimated 22,000 of them now call the crowded favelas their home.

Life in the slums, despite its difficulties, has its advantages. "The slums are the one place in the city where you have the kind of solidarity we Indians have in the villages." said a Pataxó woman who lives in Rio de Janeiro’s Maré Complex.

 

(Adaptado de Associated Press, Indigenous people in Brazil seek out cities, end up in slums, Dailymail, 16/09/2014. )

 

 

Assinale a alternativa que indica corretamente os fenômenos geográficos mencionados no texto a respeito das populações indígenas. 

a) Migração urbano-rural, segregação socioespacial urbana, preservação socioambiental.    

b) Segregação socioespacial urbana, migração rural-urbana, impacto socioambiental.    

c) Inclusão socioespacial urbana, impacto socioambiental, migração urbano-rural.    

d) Preservação socioambiental, inclusão socioespacial urbana, migração rural-urbana.    

 

Justificativa:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

4. (Eear 2019)  Read the text and answer question.

 

This recipe for chocolate cookies was sent to The New York Times several years ago by Mari Pfeiffer, a reader in California; it’s from the cookbook “Great Cookies,” published in 2003 by the author and teacher Carole Walter. The cookies are filled with deep flavor from the combination of cocoa powder, unsweetened chocolate and espresso powder. Decorate them with royal icing. “Other icings would spoil the cookie’s simple yet amazing flavor,” said Ms. Pfeiffer, who often cuts the dough into letters to spell out seasonal messages.

 

(Adapted from www.nytimes.com)

 

 

Choose the correct alternative, according to the text.

a) Mari Pfeiffer has developed the recipe for chocolate cookies and shared with Carole Walter.   

b) The New York Times published Carole Walter’s book.   

c) New York Times received the recipe from a reader.   

d) “Great Cookies” is the name of the recipe. 

Justificativa:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. (Unicamp 2019)  Love is not all

By Edna St. Vincent Millay

 

 

Love is not all: It is not meat nor drink

Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;

Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink

And rise and sink and rise and sink again;

Love cannot fill the thickened lung with breath,

Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone;

Yet many a man is making friends with death

Even as I speak, for lack of love alone.

It well may be that in a difficult hour,

Pinned down by need and moaning for release,

Or nagged by want past resolution's power,

I might be driven to sell your love for peace,

Or trade the memory of this night for food.

It may well be. I do not think I would.

 

De acordo com o poema, 

a) por falta de amor, somos derrotados pelas dificuldades da vida.    

b) há quem busque a companhia da morte por falta de amor.    

c) a rotina diaria a que somos submetidos й capaz de por fim ao amor.    

d) é melhor trocar as incertezas do amor por paz de espírito.    

Justificativa:___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________